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詳細(xì)分析Matreya抗體的多樣性
發(fā)布時間： 2020-01-10 點擊次數(shù)： 1383次Matreya抗體是指機(jī)體由于抗原的刺激而產(chǎn)生的具有保護(hù)作用的蛋白質(zhì)。它是一種由漿細(xì)胞（效應(yīng)B細(xì)胞）分泌，被免疫系統(tǒng)用來鑒別與中和外來物質(zhì)如細(xì)菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白質(zhì)，僅被發(fā)現(xiàn)存在于脊椎動物的血液等體液中，及其B細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞膜表面。抗體能識別特定外來物的一個*特征，該外來目標(biāo)被稱為抗原。Matreya抗體的多樣性：人血清中的抗體多種多樣，B淋巴細(xì)胞可產(chǎn)生的抗體種類在108以上，可與眾多不同抗原發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合。抗體多樣性的原因主要有兩方面：1、外源性因素環(huán)境中抗原種類甚多，每種大分子抗原又有多種抗原表位，每種抗原表位均可選擇激活體內(nèi)一個B細(xì)胞克隆，產(chǎn)生一種特異性抗體。2、內(nèi)源性因素抗體多樣性的另一個原因是由基因的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能特征所決定的。編碼人Ig重鏈及κ、λ型輕鏈的基因分別位于第14、2、22號染色體上。其中編碼Ig重鏈的基因包括編碼可變區(qū)的V、D、J及編碼恒定區(qū)的C基因；編碼Ig輕鏈的基因包括編碼可變區(qū)的V、J及編碼恒定區(qū)的C基因。每種基因片段是以多拷貝的形式存在，其中編碼重鏈V區(qū)的VH、DH和JH的基因片段數(shù)分別為50、23和6個；編碼K輕鏈V區(qū)的Vx和JK基因片段數(shù)分別為60和5個，編碼入輕鏈V區(qū)的VX和J入基因片段數(shù)分別為30和7個。這些基因在胚系階段以分隔的形式存在。在B細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育過程中，這些基因片段發(fā)生重排和組合，從而產(chǎn)生數(shù)量巨大、能識別特異性抗原的BCR。每種具有特異性BCR的B細(xì)胞克隆可識別相應(yīng)的抗原，產(chǎn)生一種特異性抗體。Ig基因重組是B細(xì)胞合成無數(shù)特異性抗體的主要原因。- 下一篇：DN-1597 chemgenes
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